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The Dark River is a perfect name for the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon at night, as it is extremely dark if the moon is not shining.
But "The Dark River" also fits the dark parts of Milky Way.
According Wikipedia, the Great Rift is sometimes also called the Dark River. It is a series of overlapping, non-luminous, molecular dust clouds that are located between the Solar System and the Sagittarius Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy.
The clouds are estimated to contain about 1 million solar masses of plasma and dust.
To the naked eye, the Great Rift appears as a dark lane that divides the bright band of the Milky Way lengthwise, through about one-third of its extent, and is flanked by lanes of numerous stars.
I took this image at Bright Angel Point on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, while the sky was ablaze with crazy green and read sky glow.
A wind farm on the south rim is producing the light pollution that can be seen on the right side of the image. (Was it really worth to ruin the pristine night skies?!?)
Nevertheless, to record any foreground features in the darkness of the Grand Canyon, I had to push my camera to its limits - or slightly above:
Astro-modified Canon EOS 6D
Tamron 15-30mm @ f/2.8
Sky:
5 x 20s @ ISO 6400
Stacked with Fitswork
Foreground:
1 x 480s @ ISO 12800
1 x 240s @ ISO 12800
1 x 240s @ ISO 6400
Stacked with PS
Thanks for all your thoughts and comments. They are highly appreciated.
UNESCO WHL-664:
🇪🇸 Conjunto arqueológico de Mérida
🇬🇧 Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida
Bien de interés cultural, catalogado como Monumento.
Artículo en Wikipedia: Acueducto de los Milagros
Tomada a 201 m.s.n.m.
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All Panoramio friends together
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Photography
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Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
© All rights reserved. © Copyright.
Do not use my photography withaut my permision.
Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
I present to you a new skin tone :3 (only 100 copies), Many were asked to do January with a reduced saturation of the red - DONE <3
this is not the final version, if you have any suggestions or comments, write me , I will definitely take into consideration <3
also note, in this release, unlike the main (Molly) modified eyebrows, lips slightly changed the shading of the face,
in addition to limited-edition shades (February) the MAY skintone not limited , but it will be on sale only in this round L8 )
En 911, le traité de Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, fixe les limites entre la Normandie et la France, la frontière passe entre Gournay et Gerberoy. La ville se développe avec la construction du premier château fort en 923. Le château fort aujourd’hui disparu, faisait de ce lieu un endroit stratégique et l’une des places fortes de défense de l’Ile de France.
C’est Guillaume le Conquérant qui est le premier à s’attaquer à Gerberoy. Les anglais et les français se disputent ensuite, Gerberoy du XIème au XVIème siècle. Puis, avec les guerres civiles, les guerres de religions, Gerberoy est le témoin et actrice de nombreuses batailles pendant près de 800 ans.
En 1202, Gerberoy reçoit le titre de “ville” par Philippe Auguste.
En 1435, Gerberoy est le lieu d’une historique bataille de la guerre de Cent Ans. Quelques compagnons de Jeanne d’Arc, dont La Hire et Xaintrailles reçoivent la mission par Charles VII, de rebâtir le château et les murailles. A l’aube du 8 mai 1435, les chevaliers français vont voir approcher les anglais, sur le site remarquable, le Val d’Arondel.
Une habile manœuvre des français permettra de défaire la garnison anglaise, avant que celle-ci n’arrive sur Gerberoy. Depuis, ce Val doit son nom au Comte d’Arundel, seigneur anglais blessé à mort par les français. Cette victoire a beaucoup marqué l’histoire de France, elle prouva que les Français privés de Jeanne d’Arc, brûlée vive à Rouen le 30 mai 1431, étaient encore capables de bouter les anglais hors de France.
Plusieurs fois incendiée, Gerberoy fut plusieurs fois pillée, mise à sac, jusqu’a ce qu’en 1592, le Roi de France Henri IV, décide le démantèlement de la ville et du château. La tourmente passée, Gerberoy retrouve son calme et sa douceur.
In 911, the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, fixed the limits between Normandy and France, the border passes between Gournay and Gerberoy. The city developed with the construction of the first fortified castle in 923. The fortified castle, now disappeared, made this place a strategic location and one of the strongholds of defense of the Ile de France.
It was William the Conqueror who was the first to attack Gerberoy. The English and the French then fought over it, Gerberoy from the 11th to the 16th century. Then, with the civil wars, the wars of religion, Gerberoy was the witness and actress of many battles for nearly 800 years.
In 1202, Gerberoy received the title of “city” by Philippe Auguste.
In 1435, Gerberoy was the site of a historic battle of the Hundred Years War. Some of Joan of Arc's companions, including La Hire and Xaintrailles, were given the mission by Charles VII to rebuild the castle and the walls. At dawn on May 8, 1435, the French knights saw the English approaching the remarkable site of the Val d'Arondel.
A clever maneuver by the French allowed them to defeat the English garrison before it reached Gerberoy. Since then, this Val owes its name to the Count of Arundel, an English lord mortally wounded by the French. This victory greatly marked the history of France, proving that the French deprived of Joan of Arc, burned alive in Rouen on May 30, 1431, were still capable of driving the English out of France.
Gerberoy was burned several times, pillaged and sacked several times, until in 1592, the King of France, Henry IV, decided to dismantle the city and the castle. Once the storm has passed, Gerberoy has regained its calm and gentleness.
For the Macro Monday theme "main meal" (November 25th 2019)
I nearly didn't post this week - shooting food is really hard with a 3" size limit! I often make Japanese meals, so I tried shooting my main meal of Udon noodles with a side dish of prawns. But Udon noodles up close in macro look disconcertingly like intestines! Enough to put me off my meal ;o)
So next I made home-made sushi - extra small rolls so I could fit more into my 3" (see them set against my size guide in the first comment field).
Then someone pointed out to me that not only was there to be no dishes, cutlery etc. But there could be NO space round the food. Wall-to-wall sushi? I ended up lying on the floor with a torch to get an angle that filled the frame!! I'm not sure the final shot is worth posting ... but here it is!!
There's a link to my shot of my "Wall of sushi" specially for Hans in the first comment field too.
HMM to everyone, and have a great week ;o)
My 2019 Macro Mondays set: Here
and previous years of the challenge:
My 2018 set: 2018 Macro Mondays
My 2017 set: 2017 Macro Mondays
My 2016 set: 2016 Macro Mondays
My 2015 set: 2015 Macro Mondays
My 2014 set: 2014 Macro Mondays
My 2013 set: 2013 Macro Mondays
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La escuela es el único recinto sólido en el poblado Hamer, con una puerta y una ventana, probablemente resulte escasa tanta ventilación.
Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
© All rights reserved. © Copyright.
Do not use my photography withaut my permision.
Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs (0.20€) por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
🇫🇷 Les habitants utilisaient les moulins autrefois pour produire de la farine, de l'huile d'olive, ou du vin de Santorin. Les moulins des cités touristiques du bord de la caldera , ont été entretenus comme ici , ou à Oia , et le plus souvent réutilisés pour l'accueil touristique .... Ceux des petits villages de l'intérieur sont tombés en ruines comme dans le beau petit village de Emborio , où il y en avait 8 aussi.
La vigne est bien présente encore sur Santorin.. Les ceps ont une forme spéciale , taillés près du sol..;Les feuillages s'entremêlent et protègent les raisins de l'ardeur du soleil , tout en les protégeant des vents.....Cette difficulté naturelle limite le rendement mais propose des vignes uniques parfois centenaires jamais touchées par le phylloxera.
Sur l'île, parmi les domaines :3 domaines réputés : Venesanos, Galavas, Argyros...
GRUPPI:
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Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
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Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs (0.20€) por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
The new Holiday Inn Hotel at the "City Nord" of Hamburg.
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Ethiopia (Abisinia), África pura
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Viaje de 8 días por Ethiopia. Empezamos por el Norte, el desierto, la Depresión de Danakil, el lugar más caluroso del planeta, dominado por la etnia Afar, para posteriormente bajar al Sur, la sabana, verde, el Valle del Rio Omo, visitando diferentes etnias: Dorze, Konso, Dassanech y Hamer. Extenuante pero corto, muy corto.
Ethiopia (Abisinia, el Reino de Saba en la Biblia) es un lugar inhóspito y no preparado para el turismo y debes contar con una agencia que organice tu aventura (yo fui con Karibu, www.kaett.com). Ethiopia limita con países en conflicto y en los desplazamientos por el Norte, el desierto, Danakil, estarás acompañado por policía o milicianos armados, además de guía, cocinero, pinche y conductores.
Primer día, llegamos mi mujer y yo, a primeros de Mayo, época no turística debido al calor, a Addis Ababa, con Ethiopian Airlines, para enlazar con un vuelo regional a Makele. En Makele montamos en 4x4 para desplazarnos a Dallol, zona desértica con temperaturas de noche 26 y día 45ºC. Dormimos de acampada, al aire libre sobre camastros, junto con todos nuestros acompañantes, el viento y millones de estrellas. El calor, agobiante, Mayo no es el mejor mes para visitar Danakil. Antes de dormir vislumbramos las caravanas de camellos trasportando la sal depositada en el desierto al secarse un mar interior miles de años atrás. También visitamos las salinas infinitas, disfrutamos de una puesta de Sol con reflejos, única.
El segundo día visitamos la Puerta del Infierno, una zona donde la tierra expulsa compuestos de azufre continuamente y donde se han generado unos cráteres freáticos únicos en el mundo, de una extraordinaria belleza y colorido. Andábamos sobre cristales de azufre y óxidos metálicos que crujían bajo nuestros pies. Al terminar la jornada las zapatillas habían pasado a mejor vida. Siempre acompañados por un Kalashnikova AK 47. Llegar hasta allí en un 4x4 sobre las salinas infinitas, con 20 cm de agua sobre la superficie y a 10 km/h durante 2 o 3 hrs, sin llegar nunca, sin ver fondo bajo las ruedas, es uno de los muchos gratos recuerdos que nos ha proporcionado esta superaventura. Más tarde visitamos a los Afar durante su trabajo diario, cortar bloques de sal de 30x40x8 cm que se cargarán sobre los camellos para transportarlos en caravanas infinitas. Aquí todo es infinito. Trabajan bajo un Sol abrasador, pero aunque el Gobierno les ofrece mecanizar la explotación, los Afar no lo permiten, temen perder su forma de vida. Ya no sé dónde dormimos, quizás en Dodhom, donde mataron un cabrito para cenar.
El tercer día pretendíamos subir por la noche al Erta Ale, volcán activo con una caldera de magma en ebullición. Al llegar al campo base para gestionar permisos y más y más acompañantes, las temperaturas habían subido a 52ºC. Esta es la zona más caliente de la Tierra y el espesor de la corteza terrestre es el más estrecho de todos los continentes. De hecho esta es la zona del Rift, donde el cuerno de África se escindirá del continente en algunos miles de años. Estamos 110m por debajo del nivel del mar. Mi mujer sufrió un pequeño golpe de calor mientras tratábamos de comer algo a 52ºC y por prudencia descartamos subir al Arte Ale, lo dejamos, o mejor dicho, lo dejaré para un próximo viaje. Se suben 10Km andando por la noche durante unas 4 horas y se duerme en la caldera, tomando fotos del magma durante la noche, para bajar a primera hora de la mañana, antes de que el Sol abrase.. Así las cosas, decidimos volver a Makele (necesitábamos hotel y descanso) pero de camino visitamos un pequeño lago encantador, quizás el lago Bakili, junto a las salinas, dado que el cambio de planes no nos permitiría ya visitar el Lago Afdera de aguas color esmeralda.
El cuarto día, improvisando, desde Makele hicimos una visita a una de las miles iglesias en Ethiopia excavadas en la roca, donde el prior nos abrió y atendió con sumo cariño, y posteriormente visitamos la Misión del Padre Ángel, amigo Vasco que realiza una labor extraordinaria en la zona. El Padre Ángel (www. Angelolaran.com) aparenta muchos más años de los que tiene, eso es debido sin duda a una larga vida de sufrimiento. Nos invitó a comer en la misión pero tuvimos que descartarlo para volver a Makele y tomar vuelo a Addis Ababa, también queda pendiente para un próximo viaje. A la vuelta enviamos un donativo a la Misión, ese país y Ángel necesitan de toda nuestra ayuda.
Quinto día, desde Addis Ababa tomamos un 4x4 para desplazarnos hacia el Sur, rico en Etnias, poblados, tribus, que nos iban a enamorar. Ni que decir tiene que a estas alturas ya me había convertido en un maestro de la fotografía en desplazamiento, a 80 Km/h en 4x4 se obtienen, a 1/2000s, unas fotografías impagables, las carreteras están llenas de vida y de color. Por la tarde llegamos a Arba Minch, donde habitan los Dorze, a una cota de 3.200m , en sus casas de bambú. Las chozas, de unos 40m2 pueden incluso transportarse con ayuda de 60 personas cuando las termitas se comen la base de sus troncos. Tienen la apariencia de la cabeza de un elefante. Esa noche dormimos en el Paradise Lodge, recomendable, en una cabaña con vistas a los lagos Abaya y Chamo. Estábamos muertos, no hice fotos de la vía láctea y no me lo perdonaré nunca, pero conseguí unos amaneceres únicos.
Sexto día, de nuevo en 4x4 y 1/2000s. Nos desplazamos a las tierras altas donde habita la Etnia Konso, en el rio Segen. Los Konso son la tribu más organizada y han sido reconocidos como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por Unesco. Un ejemplo, la piedra de la verdad, donde ante el Consejo del Pueblo ningún vecino se atrevería a mentir influenciado por un temor ancestral a sufrir los peores males como consecuencia de mentir mientras se está de pie sobre esa piedra. La visita a su poblado es indescriptible, una sociedad muy avanzada con un nivel jerárquico bien asumido y una socialización envidiable. Después, desplazamiento a la zona de Turmi, donde empezamos a cruzarnos con los Hamer, pintados con barro en el pelo y acompañados de collares de conchas. Dormimos en el Busca Lodge, con generador eléctrico que arranca de 6 a 9, eso sí, por la mañana y por la noche.
Séptimo día, cruzando el rio Omo en piragua (tronco de árbol vaciado) para visitar a los nómadas Dassanech. ¡Qué encanto!. Nos recibieron con sus bailes y pasamos la mañana de su mano, sí, nos llevaban de la mano mientras nos enseñaban su poblado. Sus poblados se caracterizan por el uso de chapa de lata para cubrir sus chozas, ese material que les han traído los Dioses les permite que la vida de su choza se alargue por varios años, además de mantenerlas secas, maravillas de la tecnología. Unos globos y caramelos son el regalo más apreciado por los niños. Por la tarde visita al mercado de Turmi, donde los Hamer y otras tribus se dan cita para intercambiar sus productos (grano, ganado, madera trabajada,...). Más tarde, casi a la puesta de Sol visitamos un poblado Hamer. De chozas con vallado para los animales. Igual de encantadores que los Dassenech, solo nos atendieron los niños, los adultos vienen andando desde el mercado de Turmi. Los niños te piden 5 Birs (0.20€) por cada foto que les haces (íbamos armados con fajos de billetes de 5, claro), el capitalismo está llegando para quedarse. Sonrisas y bromas continuamente, inolvidable. De nuevo al hotel con acotado horario para la ducha.
Octavo día, 4x4 a Arba Minch y vuelo regional a Addis Ababa, con shopping y cena étnica para tomar vuelo de nuevo para Madrid (Ida y vuelta nocturna).
Algún bajón de tensión, golpes de calor, catarros por el A/A del 4x4, diarrea (posiblemente el contacto con los billetes viejos contaminados con todo tipo de gérmenes), pero desde ya, contando ansioso los días que faltan para volver de nuevo. Bendita África pura.
380 imágenes para enmarcar y el 24-120mm muerto, no enfoca, directamente a Nikon...
El Valle de Ordesa está ubicado en el Pirineo central de Huesca, comarca del Sobrarbe, Aragón (España). Está catalogado como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO.
Este valle originó la creación del Parque nacional de Ordesa el 16 de agosto de 1918. Años más tarde, en 1982, sería ampliado para crear el Parque nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido incluyendo el macizo de Monte Perdido, el Cañón de Añisclo, las Gargantas de Escuaín y la cabecera del Valle de Pineta.
En sentido amplio, el Valle de Ordesa comprende una amplia zona de pequeños valles y barrancos, altiplanicies y picos (muchos de más de 3000 m de altura), cuyos límites serían al norte la cresta Monte Perdido-Mondarruego, que sirve de frontera con Francia en gran parte, al sur la cresta Sierra Custodia-Acuta y al oeste la confluencia con la cabecera del Valle del Ara o valle de Bujaruelo. Todo este conjunto conforma una cuenca fluvial, que a través de valles secundarios y cascadas, desemboca en el Valle de Ordesa propiamente dicho, por cuyo fondo discurre el río Arazas.
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Mehr von meinen Bildern,
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Eno River State Park
Looking for reasonably dark skies near home. This wasn't bad, but a 30" exposure for the stars was about the useful limit. No Astrotracer needed for such a short exposure toward the celestial north pole. (Separate, earlier, exposure for the foreground.)
Pentax K-1
SMC Pentax-A 1:2.8 24mm
Iridient Developer
Affinity Photo
Processed in GIMP 2.8.16
When the snow has melted upstream, the runoff flows down and fills the rivers to their higher limits. The dam at the top of the Napanee Falls produces a roar as the excess goes over.
A hasty three shot panorama taken from the traffic island in the middle of Regent Street while competing for space with tourists snapping the view of the Christmas lights down the street to the right..
From Wikipedia:
Hamleys of London Limited, trading as Hamleys, is a British multinational toy retailer, owned by Reliance Retail. Listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's oldest toy store, it was founded by William Hamley as "Noah's Ark" in High Holborn, London, in 1760. It moved to its current site on Regent Street in London's West End in 1881. This flagship store is set over seven floors, with more than 50,000 lines of toys on sale. It receives around five million visitors each year, and in 1994 was the largest toy shop in the world.
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100x: The 2024 Edition
100/100 London landmarks by night
It seems I must have misnumbered my entries to the 100x group, and have reached the group's limit. So I am renumbering this to 100 and calling it a night. It has been a fun and rewarding challenge and I thank everyone who faved, commented and viewed these images.
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I was trying the limits of my camera a while back, in order to decide when to make certain shots and when not. We all love those desert milkywayshots full of colour and detail, but sadly enough thats not something so easily obtainable for ppl with a scarce budget living in heavily lightpoluted area's. That being said, its not impossible to get a halfdecent shot in less than ideal circumstances. This shot was 100% plain gray unprocessed, because the iso was set on 25600. Processed LR only,
My first multi-night image, using frames taken in May and July 2021
1 stack of 105 60s images, Canon 800D at ISO 800, Canon 400mm f5.6 lens at f6.3, iOptron Skyguider Pro tracker. 50 darks, 120 biases. Processed in PixInsight as below
* CC defect list + master dark (sigma = 8)
15*(1-(FWHM-FWHMMin)/(FWHMMax-FWHMMin))
+ 15*(1-(Eccentricity-EccentricityMin)/(EccentricityMax-EccentricityMin))
+ 20*(SNRWeight-SNRWeightMin)/(SNRWeightMax-SNRWeightMin)
+ 50
img 4002 ref
* ESD integration, range exclude
* drizzle integration, gaussian kernel
*****Linear processing
*** Initial
* Crop
* DBE tolerance 3, manually placed points outside the dust clouds
*** Color calibration
* PCC using a dust cloud as background, aimed at Triffid, background ref upper limit 0.002
* SNCR 0.8 green
*** Decon
* Using EZDecon, create the following:
* PSF - autogen
* background - autogen, then invert, range selection lower 0.03 smoothness 49, clean with clone stamp, range mask again, invert again - background_range_mask
* star mask: extract luminance, run EZSoftStretch, star mask noise treshhold 0.3 scale 9 smoothness 8 aggregate binarize. Add a couple of ellipses, 2x convolve - decon_star_mask
*** Denoise
Using jonrista.com/the-astrophotographers-guide/pixinsights/eff... as implemented by EZSuite.
* TGV edge protection 3e-5, default MMT
***** Nonlinear processing
*** Initial stretch
* MaskedStretch, default settings
* extract luminance, stretch with shadows 0.05 mids 0.4, apply as mask inverted, stretch mids to 0.3
* ACDNR chrominance only, lightness mask, stdev 4 iterations 6mids 0.2 on lightness mask
***MLT stretch
www.stelleelettroniche.it/en/2014/09/astrophoto/m42-ngc19...
**Initial (fine details)
* created a new multiscale linear transform, kept 6 layers
* diffed from original image to create a "blurred" version of original image
* extracted luminance from original, used as mask on blurred version
* used curves to pump rgb and saturation
* pixelmath sum the 3, rescaled, back to original image
**Second (nebula)
* created a new multiscale linear transform, kept 6 layers, and diff from original
* extract luminance from diff Use as mask on blurred version
* s-shaped luminance curve, gentle, big sat boost
* pixelmath sum the 3, rescaled, back to original image
*** Finishers
* Star reduce with EZscript, 8 layers of morpho
* With the previous star mask on (raw), unsharp mask with default settings)
* Dark structure enhancement
* EZDenoise, default settings TGV, no MMT
* pump up sat in reds and blues
* MMT sharpen, 6 layers biases 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.12
* downsample 3x
For "Macro Mondays" group theme "Container"
I've had these items for some years and photographed them before.
Played around with the lighting, the positioning of the four items.
the arrangement in the frame, and also the height of the tripod.
Today this is the best version, tomorrow I might change my mind!
Very little post-processing.
Jupiter 8 50mm f2 ............................................ well within the 3" limit.
MBTA F40PH-3C 1030 debuted in its new Boston Maine minuteman 'heritage' scheme on a special charter train operated jointly by the MBTA, Keolis, and the Massachusetts Coastal Railroad. MC's Cape Cod Central Railroad dinner train (including both ex NH FL9s) was bracketed by a pair of MBTA units and operated for the New England Railroad Club as guests enjoyed dinner on board while making a round trip from South Station to and across the Cape Cod Canal and return.
The rear of the southbound train catches the last rays of sun as it passes the cranberry bogs just south of the Wood Street overpass. The train has just cleared BAY (note the small blue block limit sign) at MP 36.44 which denotes the end of the MBTA owned and Keolis operated Middleboro Mainline and the start of the MassDOT owned and Mass Coastal operated Cape mainline.
Middleborough, Massachusetts
Monday September 8, 2025
By crikey, it's hard work trying to get little things to behave themselves!
This weeks (10-Apr-2023) Macro Mondays theme is 'Knolling'.
I had a couple of goes with two different types of objects. This one, and one with shells. Since last time we did Knolling in MM I used shells, I've decided to use this photo with a bunch of various objects. My photo is exactly the size limit.
I have uploaded the shell photo too if you want to have a look.
Have a lovely Monday everyone.
_MG_8069 copy
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Les passerelles sur pilotis s'interrompent, et la balade se poursuit sur un "passadou", digue limitant les différents bassins.
De petits canaux courent entre deux salines, et il reste les vestiges d'un système de vannes qui permettaient de réguler la hauteur de l'eau dans le marais salant.
De nouveau sur le chemin en terre, le circuit longe le solide mur qui enfermait les salines.
Accolée au mur de clôture, se dresse une ancienne cabane : c'était la guérite du douanier qui était chargé de contrôler la récolte du sel.Cette guérite, ce « poste », abritait des "gabelous*", ancêtres des douaniers, qui contrôlaient la production
du sel.
L'exploitation du sel débuta depuis la plus haute Antiquité. La Narbonnaise romaine payait ses légionnaires
en sel d'où le nom de salarium*. C'est vers le XVIe
siècle que les salines connurent leur pleine puissance de
production.
Le sel au Moyen Age avait une grande valeur. C'était le seul moyen de conserver les aliments. Il permettait
le séchage des poissons, la conservation des aliments. Cet "or blanc" était soumis à la gabelle*. Cette taxe
est créée en France en 1315 par Louis X et progressivement étendue à tout le pays par Philippe VI de Valois
et en particulier Jean II le Bon, en vue de payer sa rançon. En 1383, l'impôt est prélevé par un corps spécial
de fonctionnaires, les grenetiers, aussi appelés gabelous (un terme de mépris encore utilisé pour désigner
les douaniers) C'est ainsi qu'une contrebande s'organisa par des faux-sauniers. Cela aboutit à la création de
la "Compagnie des Salins " en 1599.
The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies. It is one of the most common members within the genus of Buteo in North America or worldwide.[2] The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the "chickenhawk," though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens.[3] The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context. Red-tailed hawks can acclimate to all the biomes within their range, occurring on the edges of non-ideal habitats such as dense forests and sandy deserts.[4] The red-tailed hawk occupies a wide range of habitats and altitudes including deserts, grasslands, coniferous and deciduous forests, agricultural fields and urban areas. Its latitudinal limits fall around the tree line in the Arctic and the species is absent from the high Arctic. It is legally protected in Canada, Mexico and the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
The 14 recognized subspecies vary in appearance and range, varying most often in color, and in the west of North America, red-tails are particularly often strongly polymorphic, with individuals ranging from almost white to nearly all black.[5] The subspecies Harlan's hawk (B. j. harlani) is sometimes considered a separate species (B. harlani).[6] The red-tailed hawk is one of the largest members of the genus Buteo, typically weighing from 690 to 1,600 g (1.5 to 3.5 lb) and measuring 45–65 cm (18–26 in) in length, with a wingspan from 110–141 cm (3 ft 7 in–4 ft 8 in). This species displays sexual dimorphism in size, with females averaging about 25% heavier than males.[2][7]
The diet of red-tailed hawks is highly variable and reflects their status as opportunistic generalist, but in North America, it is most often a predator of small mammals such as rodents. Prey that is terrestrial and diurnal is preferred so types such as ground squirrels are preferential where they naturally occur.[8] Large numbers of birds and reptiles can occur in the diet in several areas and can even be the primary foods. Meanwhile, amphibians, fish and invertebrates can seem rare in the hawk’s regular diet; however, they are not infrequently taken by immature hawks. Red-tailed hawks may survive on islands absent of native mammals on diets variously including invertebrates such as crabs, or lizards and birds. Like many Buteo, they hunt from a perch most often but can vary their hunting techniques where prey and habitat demand it.[5][9] Because they are so common and easily trained as capable hunters, the majority of hawks captured for falconry in the United States are red-tails. Falconers are permitted to take only passage hawks (which have left the nest, are on their own, but are less than a year old) so as to not affect the breeding population. Adults, which may be breeding or rearing chicks, may not be taken for falconry purposes and it is illegal to do so. Passage red-tailed hawks are also preferred by falconers because these younger birds have not yet developed the adult behaviors which would make them more difficult to train.[10]
NGC 6910 is an open star cluster set amidst clouds of gas and dust near the bright star Sadr in the constellation Cygnus.
Subframes for this image were accumulated over 4 different nights, some under dark skies near Goldendale, WA and others from within Seattle city limits. RGB data for the stars was combined with narrowband data for the gas and dust, with Ha assigned to R. In an effort to maintain a "natural" appearance, only modest amounts of SII and OIII data were added to the G and B channels, respectively.
Telescope: Celestron EdgeHD 8" with 0.7x Reducer
Camera: QSI 683wsg
Mount: Astro-Physics Mach1 GTO
Integration: 30 min (6 x 5 min) each RGB, binned 1x1 | 300 min (30 x 10 min) Ha, binned 1x1 | 100 min (10 x 10 min) SII, binned 2x2 | 120 min (12 x 10 min) OIII, binned 2x2.
August 8, 2014 - North of Odessa Nebraska US
Some of my best severe weather photography came out of that nights supercell. This was a storm to remember in 2014.
This storm cell was at first, a very slow mover moving southeast about 9-10mph before it even reached northern Buffalo County. I had to work late and I was considering not to even go out. Glad I made an effort to do so....
Most of these captures were north of Odessa Nebraska US, and some in the city limits of Kearney,
*** Please NOTE and RESPECT the Copyright ***
Copyright 2014
Dale Kaminski @ NebraskaSC Photography
All Rights Reserved
This image may not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
#ForeverChasing
#NebraskaSC
Visit my Photostream Archive (On Flickr) of Severe Weather
A magical school club, inspired by Harry Potter xD
Build: The Hexia Hall, from KITE. Purchase at the Limit 8 event here.
O Monte Farinha eleva-se, a um altitude de cerca de mil metros, ostentando no topo a venerada ermida de Nossa Senhora da Graça. Local mágico e cativante recheado de história e de vestígios arqueológicos, de lendas e de tradições. Local privilegiado para os amantes da natureza e emblemática referência desportiva, é destino obrigatório dos caminhos da fé, da religião e do turismo nacional e internacional.
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Mondim de Basto é um município português pertencente ao Distrito de Vila Real, região Norte. É um município com 171,87 km² de área, subdividido em 8 freguesias. O município é limitado a nordeste pelo município de Ribeira de Pena, a sueste por Vila Real, a sudoeste por Amarante, a oeste por Celorico de Basto e a noroeste por Cabeceiras de Basto.
Vila e sede de concelho, Mondim de Basto repousa numa chã fértil na margem esquerda do rio Tâmega e no sopé da grandiosa pirâmide verde do Monte Farinha, coroado pela ermida da Senhora da Graça.
in WikiPedia
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Copyright © 2009 - 2013 Nuno Gomes all rights reserved.
All my images are protected under international author’s copyright laws and you may NOT! print, download, reproduce, copy, transmit, manipulate or edit any of my images without my prior written permission.
Please don't post your own images within my Photostream.
I consider this rude and unwelcome.
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Nikon d5500
50mm + Hoya Red Intensifier Filter
ISO 3200
f/2.8
26 x 30 seconds (sky)
10 x 13 seconds (foreground)
iOptron SkyTracker mount
Stitched in MS ICE
This is a 36 shot panorama of the Milky Way rising over a farm in Keysbrook, Western Australia, approximately 50km (30mi) south of Perth. This location is quite near to the city limits so normally you would struggle to get this much clarity in the core but the Hoya filter does a good job of minimising light pollution and capturing the night sky as if you were twice as far from those pesky city lights :)
Vintage Harley Davidson with a 1200 cc side valve motor, 1940s.
At the limit of feasibility for a hand-held shot with an ISO 100 film.
Seen in Technik-Musum, Sinsheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Alpa Reflex 6B, made in 1959
Kern Macro Switar 1:1.8/50 AR
Kodak Ektar 100 colour negative film
My freckles look like spots. That's kinda gross. & I no longer have a pro account & it's weird because I haven't had to look at ads on flickr for aaages (one whole year, actually), & now there's a limit to only 200 photos on my stream, & only 100MB of photos per month. Oh & I can't see what weird stats I've been getting (I always get weird ones). It's very strange.
I couldn't decide whether to upload or not. But I don't want to fall behind on my diary. I spent like the whole day with Hannah, & we didn't take a single picture - actually, I took a few of my Mom when she was on stage - but otherwise it was a picture free day. & it was a nice day too. =)
This is when Max & I when we were on the terraces yesterday.
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I'm actually really tired & it's only 2.20am, but I will write this entry tomorrow. Before my Mom went to sleep I thanked her for the lovely day, & told her how much I enjoyed it.
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Soooo, it's really irritating when you're waking up & you can hear your Mom coming closer & closer to your room, talking on the phone to someone who is obviously your friend, & is telling them that you have been lying around in bed & should be awake by now. I said I would get up at 10am. I check the clock. It's 9.40am. So I'm not even late. But my Mom is still spouting this bull. She comes in & gives me the phone. It's Hannah, I start talking to her as my Mom exits the room. Except she doesn't. She stands at the door and says very, very loudly "GET UP! GET UP! GET UP!" I only just managed to refrain from telling her to fuck right off, & instead stopped half-way through talking to Hannah & yelled "MOM!" She left then. I was just really irritated because I'd said when I was getting up, & I wasn't late, I was actually awake before that, & yes okay, Hannah called me & if I hadn't been awake it would have been necessary for her to wake me, but I was already awake so there was no need to stand at my door being annoying.
But anyway. Hannah said she'd come by for 11.45pm, & we discussed what we were wearing. I only have one dress I like at the moment (last year I had 4 or 5) so that was pretty much sorted for me. I got dressed at a steady pace & then got some breakfast & read the paper. Well, Jane talked to me a lot too. My Mom had to pop out to try on her outfit for the make over today, but she came back with her friend Maggie in tour. I was eating breakfast at this point, & genuinely thought my Mom was about to ditch her friend with me & make us talk. I pointedly said "I'm eating breakfast" & then my Mom said that no they weren't going to disturb me. So that was okay. Maggie was still in the hall, so my Mom went upstairs quickly to get all her things, & then they chatted in the hall while waiting for my Mom's other guests to arrive. When everyone had arrived my Mom said they were going over there & that I could wait here for Hannah. Hannah then called moments after they left to say she'd was running a bit late & would be there in 5 or 10 mins. She offered to meet me there, but I figured it'd be easier to just meet at my house. I continued to read the paper until she got here, & then we left her car keys at my house & went out. Oh, & she showed me her new tattoo. It's of a snowdrop, & she designed it herself in memory of her grandma. It looks like a henna tattoo. I couldn't get a tattoo - too painful. & I'm just not really a fan of tattoos.
Last year I'm pretty sure we walked round the outside, but this year it was pretty windy so we walked through the school. We saw Hazel outside the reception area - well, the inbetween area between reception & the way out to the terraces, & she told us that for the time being we had to walk the whole way round the tent to enter. She also told us she wanted us to make ourselves known to the photographer, so that they had photos of younger people, & the fact that we were OEs was just an added bonus.
As we got ourselves a glass of free pink champagne I told Hannah that I was drinking more - but only wine. Actually, just Lambrusco, Buck's Fizz, & white wine spritzers. But still. I'm getting past my complete fear of it (thank you very much, American) though I still thinking getting drunk is ridiculous. We moved into the tent, but there were a lot of women crowding up the entrance, making it hard to squeeze through. I thought about checking our table seating on the board in the entrance but my Mom had mentioned we were right by the stage, so I figured we'd find it or she'd show us. && so we squeezed through the crowds & looked around the stalls - I noticed the Age Concern one (my Mom's somehow involved with them) - & we checked out what everyone was wearing & who was here. We saw the photographer, but didn't say anything. Also, last year there were these 2 women who were basically goth twins. Well, they're super tanned (totally over the top) & have suuuch black hair, (always worn really elaborately), way too much make up, & odd dresses. The dresses would probably look nice if they just toned it down a bit. Anyway, we figured out one of the goth women was the mother of a girl in choir who would be singing today. I really dislike the mother because she is very pushy, & was rude towards me because I got the main solo at the Christmas services, not her daughter. But her daughter does have a lovely voice.
While we were looking around we saw the woman I wrote about after this event last year, & Hannah burst out laughing & said she'd been telling someone about it just the other day. It was quite funny, & anyone I've told the story to has agreed with what I was saying. But it's probably best if I don't repeat it. My Mom came over to talk then & said she was worried because they were putting her in skinny white jeans for the make over. I'm sure she'll be fine. Though I usually think of skinny white jeans as a young people thing. Then, my Mom went & introduced us to two of her friends who were running the Age Concern stall, & basically ditched us there. I can't remember the name of one of the women, but the other was Maggie. Her son works in the theatre & TV, & she saw my production last week. So we had a quick talk about the arts, & then she asked me my favourite author. Samuel Richardson was the first person to pop into my head, & I really do love 'Pamela' so I said him. I'm not sure if she actually knew who he was. Kudos if she did. && she said she preferred seeing Arthur Miller plays to Shakespeare. I couldn't entirely agree. I see them as 2 different types of theatre, which yes you can compare, but you could also argue that they're very different. So, um, yeah. I let her move onto Hannah then, & she quizzed her about art, & then said Hannah & I would probably be friends for life. I've never really labelled my friendship with Hannah, so I felt a teeny bit awkward then. We were looking for a way to escape this dwindling conversation, when Maggie said we mustn't let her keep us, so we were just about to say goodbye when she continued talking. Uggh. I hate it when I get caught in conversations, & totally can't get out of them. We started talking about how our feet were hurting, & were going to sit down, when Maggie said her feet were hurting too . . . & the conversation continued. Eventually Hannah just said her feet were really hurting & that she just had to sit down, so we said our goodbyes. I felt rude, but some people I just don't gel with. Maggie seemed nice, but I don't really like to talk about the things I'm interested in. Which sounds silly, but I have my passions, & I usually have friends who are not interested in there areas, or if they are, it's just a minor thing, & there are things they're more interested in. So when someone else comes along & tries to talk to me about these things I'm like "Woah, back off." I don't mean anything by it. I just rarely feel comfortable talking about it. I know. I'm weird.
We saw my Mom then, & she showed us to our table, which really was right by the stage. There were a few of my Mom's friends sitting there already, but I could only remember one of their names. Awkward. They all said hi to me, so I didn't have to remember their names in the end. The woman next to Hannah was quite old, & as we were talking she caught my eye. I felt it would be rude not to say hi, so we both did. And then the woman basically told us her life story. I really had no idea how to react when she told us her husband left us with her 2 year old son for another woman, & then died about three years later after suffering from Parkinsons. Obviously her son has all grown up now (this story came up when she started telling us her son used to go here) so these events happened a while ago, but I still didn't know what to say. The school's music scholars were singing & playing & the sound was blasting from the speakers, which also made it really hard to hear. After we finished our conversation with this woman Hannah said she hadn't known how to react to her story either. So then we just chatted. My Mom got some wine for her table, so I had some. It wasn't to my liking, but I drank it anyway. Must keep up appearances of normality.
Lunch was served, & Maggie was really nice & said because I didn't eat chicken I could have her slice of the asparagus quiche, but I really didn't need it. She was really be nice & insisting I have it, but I was fine. I had another brief conversation with her while Hannah was caught talking to the woman next to her. She asked me if I liked contemporary music. I said yes. I didn't know how to elaborate. I told her I didn't like screamo and country & western. I probably should have asked her what music she liked, but I just found talking to her so awkward. I don't know why. She said her son always told her to tell people who wanted to go into his industry that it was very hard, & that he'd been struggling. She was trying to be kind, but I figured that I was 19, & have been focusing on this for over 10 years, so of course I knew the industry was hard. But I'm being overly critical here. She was probably just looking for common ground. I felt even more awkward when my Mom asked Maggie if she'd told me about her son. She had. We still had very little to talk about.
Hannah & I were originally going to get Eton Mess for pudding, but my Mom chose this vanilla turrine & it looked so good that we went for it too. I thought it would taste better than it did, but the raspberry sauce was lovely. && then the speaker for this year started. She ran 'Save Our Souls', which teaches women how to dress better, & for their shape & colour palette. My Mom is on the Parent's Society, so had been asked to be one of the models, along with another woman. The other woman went first, & was told she was an autumn palette (warm colours). When the palettes were both held against her skin the warm ones obviously looked better. Then my Mom was up on stage. It was harder to tell with her, but I would say the cool palette (spring) was a little more striking against her. I don't think my Mom was pleased, as she wears very warm colours, but she's lucky because they all look good on her really. Maggie said she thought the warm looked best, & I said I thought they both looked good, but the cool possibly just won for me. Then she went back stage to get her new outfit, while the woman talked to us about the clothes best for us. I didn't necessarily agree when she talked about how to dress with big boobs. As someone who probably has some of the biggest natural boobs in the country I had to totally disagree. She said wear long necklaces - they just hang off my boobs like a shelf. She said to wear very deep v-necks - whenever I do people just look at my boobs even more & say I'm trying to raw attention to them. There were a few other things she said which I had to say from experience were totally wrong. Hannah agreed. Then they were ready to show us the clothes. The woman who went before my Mom came out in a green maxi dress, (which was quite nice), a coral pashmina, & a big brown belt just under her chest. Oh, & a long necklace. The dress was nice, but the belt & necklace pushed everything weirdly, & made it quite unflattering. Then my Mom came out. Her legs looked soooo skinny (well, she does have very skinny legs), but she was wearing this polka dot mac which bulked her out & hid her shape. Apparently they'd lost the blazer they'd picked out for her. She looked better without the mac, & had a purple sleeveless top with a blue cardi on. Then the woman fastened the cardi, which was unflattering. But the jeans looked good. & they also found the blazer, which looked nice with the rest of the outfit. I took some photos on her camera for her - shocked at the quality, I must say I've been quite spoiled by my cameras. One of my Mom's friends commented that she'd never realised just how skinny my Mom was. That was nice - I've got to remember to tell her that.
When my Mom came to sit down Maggie told her that she thought both colours looked good on her, & I said I liked everything but the mac & the blue cardi. Hannah said she liked everything, & my Mom said that a far as she was concerned what I'd said was high praise coming from me. =p
The woman finished her talk, & my Mom got some beautiful flowers as a thank you for taking part. They really were lovely. Hannah & I just stayed at the table & chatted, until she said she had to put some more cream on her tattoo. We exited the tent from the far side just as the raffle started, & Hannah took off her heels to walk across the grass. The queue in the bathroom was quite long, but she only needed to wash her hands. We headed back but were a little too nervous to walk through the tent while everyone was focusing on the raffle. We passed the musicians still sitting at a table by the entrance, & when we got back to the table Hannah asked me why they were still here. I replied that they probably had nothing better to do with their time. Mary McCarthy, who was helping out with the raffle right in front of her table, laughed & said she'd heard what I said (thinking I'd meant it about the people running the raffle). I felt mortified, & said I hadn't been talking about her, but I'm not sure if she believed me. She said she didn't mind though. Mary really is very sweet, & I wouldn't say that about her even if I did think the raffle people had nothing better to do with their time. Which isn't true anyway.
After the raffle everyone started dispersing, & Maggie got up to go. I tried to catch her eye to say goodbye, but she didn't look at me. I'm not sure if she was purposefully ignoring me, or just thought I wasn't worth the bother. I felt a twinge of guilt then, but I really hadn't know what to say to her. After she left my Mom asked me how she was, & I admitted that I hadn't really had much to say. My Mom reprimanded me then & said she was grieving for her husband, which made me feel awful, until I asked when it had happened. She said it happened seventeen years ago, which made me feel less bad. My Mom said it shouldn't make any difference that it had happened seventeen years ago, but it does, even if just a little bit. If it had just happened very recently then I would have admired her for being able to come out to an event like this, because I certainly wouldn't be able to. But after seventeen years I probably would have been able to leave the house. So that's the difference.
Hannah & I flipped through the magazine that we'd been given for free (last year we got free hair care) & I pointed out the shots I wanted to do. She said she could do those poses, & we just needed to find the locations & then voila. My Mom came back & said the jeans were only £8, so she'd probably get them, & maybe the tops too. She also very kindly gave us money for afternoon tea - I'm sure it was free last time. Hannah got a piece of chocolate cake, while I went for a piece of Victoria Sponge cake, & we both had tea. Jean was serving, so I said hey. Oh & Hannah called her mum to ask if she had the money to pay for the ticket, but Elaine was at the LS swimming gala, so my Mom said she'd write a check for her now & Hannah would pay her back at the party tonight. I thought that was very nice of her.
We headed back to our table, & I remembered to reply to a text I'd gotten from Vicky about the cast meal. Boffey had a tennis match, so she was asking if we were still having the meal. I said it was up to them. Hazel came over & asked if Hannah's tattoo was real or henna. Hannah think that Hazel's estimation of her has gone down now. After finishing our afternoon tea we headed outside the tent. The weather had been so up and down - cool, windy, hot, humid. We were hot now, & right above the tent there were blue skies & white clouds, but above the benches we were going to sit down on there were grey clouds that looked like they might burst at any moment. Before we got to the benches 2 boys went & sat there, so we just sat on the little steps & took our heels off & talked some more. Alex approached to ask me if we were having the cast dinner & I said it was up to them, so she said we were having it. We then saw Dave AR walking over to talk to the boys on the benches. He's back from UCLA to go to the ball with his girlfriend. He didn't acknowledge us at first, but at one point we both looked up at the same time, so he had to wave & smile (it was more of a grimace). I waved back & told Hannah, so she looked up & waved too. He returned the wave & showed teeth when he smiled. Hannah said he was being weird, & that even though we weren't close, he should still have come over to at least say hey. He left, & it started to spit a little bit, so we headed over to my house.
She wanted to see my new laptop & camera, so I showed them & we went through facebook profiles of people we knew. I think she was a bit pissed off with the girls we used to hang out with at school, so we were looking at what they'd been doing recently. Hugh came in & got cereal & I just thought it was nice how he got on with Hannah. Her mum called & asked Hannah to pick her up for the Leaving Drinks at my house (for the teachers leaving at the end of this year) so I told my Mom we'd be back in 10mins & that I had my phone with me. Hannah had All Time Low's CD playing, & I'm not sure what I think of it. It's the type of music I used to listen to all the time, but over the last year or so - probably more - it's become a bit samey to me. I do like their single 'Lost in Stereo' though.
Hannah changed out of her heels at her house & showed me the photos on her camera from her night out last night. Her mum finished getting ready - after being a bit annoyed at Hannah for the mess she'd left her room in - & we got back to my house. (Max called me on the way home to apologise for not seeing me today. He said he'd been in school for the last four hours, but he'd just been so busy. I thought it was nice of him to actually call & apologise, but it wasn't as if I'd been waiting around for him today. He said he might see me tomorrow, but he probably won't.) But anyway, Hannah & I went out into the garden when we got back, where my Dad told us that actually my Mom was wrong to invite us to this party, as it was a Common Room party, & that we should leave. First I showed Hannah our new patio area, & then we went & got food from Jean. We tried this tomato sticks & cranberry with cheese puffs. They were particularly nice.
We headed in then & wondered what the hell to do. Usually we take photos, or watch movies, or bake. We couldn't exactly bake now. So it was either movies or photos. We headed up to my room (stopping on the way to show Hannah my brother's drawing, before he rushed in & grabbed them & said they weren't good enough to be seen, although Hannah assured him that wasn't true) & lay on my bed for a bit before deciding to go & look at photos taken over the years on my laptop. We decided we'd have to put up some of the really bad ones of people we knew. After we'd finished Hannah wanted to look through the photos on my flickr & decide which ones to sell, so we started doing that until her mum said it was time to go after an hour and a half. I then read until the party finished about an hour later. There were no cranberry puffs left. Great sadness.
I read some more until my parents called me up to watch TV with them all. I had 3 lemon sherbets left from a packet we got back at Christmas, so I gave one to my brother & my Dad. My Mom said she couldn't have them because of her teeth, so I had the last one. My Mom started to fall asleep, & after BB was finished my Dad told Hugh & I to go to bed. My Mom was still partially awake, so I told her how lovely this day had been. I enjoyed my evening, & the routine of spending time with my family. I felt a bit sad that my Dad basically tentatively asked me if I wanted to watch it with them. I don't mean to be stroppy about watching it. Just it's annoying to watch it so late usually, & usually when I won't watch it I've just had a fight with my Mom, so am upset. But really I like spending time with them all. =)
Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod
Cape Cod
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This article is about the area of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Cod (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 41°41′20″N 70°17′49″W / 41.68889°N 70.29694°W / 41.68889; -70.29694
Map of Massachusetts, with Cape Cod (Barnstable County) indicated in red
Dunes on Sandy Neck are part of the Cape's barrier beach which helps to prevent erosion
Cape Cod, often referred to locally as simply the Cape, is an island and a cape in the easternmost portion of the state of Massachusetts, in the Northeastern United States. It is coextensive with Barnstable County. Several small islands right off Cape Cod, including Monomoy Island, Monomoscoy Island, Popponesset Island, and Seconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County, being part of municipalities with land on the Cape. The Cape's small-town character and large beachfront attract heavy tourism during the summer months.
Cape Cod was formed as the terminal moraine of a glacier, resulting in a peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1914, the Cape Cod Canal was cut through the base or isthmus of the peninsula, forming an island. The Cape Cod Commission refers to the resultant landmass as an island; as does the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in regards to disaster preparedness.[1] It is still identified as a peninsula by geographers, who do not change landform designations based on man-made canal construction.[citation needed]
Unofficially, it is one of the biggest barrier islands in the world, shielding much of the Massachusetts coastline from North Atlantic storm waves. This protection helps to erode the Cape shoreline at the expense of cliffs, while protecting towns from Fairhaven to Marshfield.
Road vehicles from the mainland cross over the Cape Cod Canal via the Sagamore Bridge and the Bourne Bridge. The two bridges are parallel, with the Bourne Bridge located slightly farther southwest. In addition, the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge carries railway freight as well as tourist passenger services.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Geography and political divisions
o 1.1 "Upper" and "Lower"
* 2 Geology
* 3 Climate
* 4 Native population
* 5 History
* 6 Lighthouses of Cape Cod
* 7 Transportation
o 7.1 Bus
o 7.2 Rail
o 7.3 Taxi
* 8 Tourism
* 9 Sport fishing
* 10 Sports
* 11 Education
* 12 Islands off Cape Cod
* 13 See also
* 14 References
o 14.1 Notes
o 14.2 Sources
o 14.3 Further reading
* 15 External links
[edit] Geography and political divisions
Towns of Barnstable County
historical map of 1890
The highest elevation on Cape Cod is 306 feet (93 m), at the top of Pine Hill, in the Bourne portion of the Massachusetts Military Reservation. The lowest point is sea level.
The body of water located between Cape Cod and the mainland, bordered to the north by Massachusetts Bay, is Cape Cod Bay; west of Cape Cod is Buzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; it shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles.[2] To the south of Cape Cod lie Nantucket Sound; Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, both large islands, and the mostly privately owned Elizabeth Islands.
Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns: Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Two of the county's fifteen towns (Bourne and Sandwich) include land on the mainland side of the Cape Cod Canal. The towns of Plymouth and Wareham, in adjacent Plymouth County, are sometimes considered to be part of Cape Cod but are not located on the island.
In the 17th century the designation Cape Cod applied only to the tip of the peninsula, essentially present-day Provincetown. Over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all the land east of the Manomet and Scussett rivers - essentially the line of the 20th century Cape Cod Canal. Now, the complete towns of Bourne and Sandwich are widely considered to incorporate the full perimeter of Cape Cod, even though small parts of these towns are located on the west side of the canal. The canal divides the largest part of the peninsula from the mainland and the resultant landmass is sometimes referred to as an island.[3][4] Additionally some "Cape Codders" – residents of "The Cape" – refer to all land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape."
For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections:
* The Upper Cape is the part of Cape Cod closest to the mainland, comprising the towns of Bourne, Sandwich, Falmouth, and Mashpee. Falmouth is the home of the famous Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and several other research organizations, and is also the most-used ferry connection to Martha's Vineyard. Falmouth is composed of several separate villages, including East Falmouth, Falmouth Village, Hatchville, North Falmouth, Teaticket, Waquoit, West Falmouth, and Woods Hole, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Davisville, Falmouth Heights, Quissett, Sippewissett, and others).[5]
* The Mid-Cape includes the towns of Barnstable, Yarmouth and Dennis. The Mid-Cape area features many beautiful beaches, including warm-water beaches along Nantucket Sound, e.g., Kalmus Beach in Hyannis, which gets its name from one of the inventors of Technicolor, Herbert Kalmus. This popular windsurfing destination was bequeathed to the town of Barnstable by Dr. Kalmus on condition that it not be developed, possibly one of the first instances of open-space preservation in the US. The Mid-Cape is also the commercial and industrial center of the region. There are seven villages in Barnstable, including Barnstable Village, Centerville, Cotuit, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Osterville, and West Barnstable, as well as several smaller hamlets that are incorporated into their larger neighbors (e.g., Craigville, Cummaquid, Hyannisport, Santuit, Wianno, and others).[6] There are three villages in Yarmouth: South Yarmouth, West Yarmouth and Yarmouthport. There are five villages in Dennis including, Dennis Village(North Dennis), East Dennis, West Dennis, South Dennis and Dennisport.[7]
* The Lower Cape traditionally included all of the rest of the Cape,or the towns of Harwich, Brewster, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. This area includes the Cape Cod National Seashore, a national park comprising much of the outer Cape, including the entire east-facing coast, and is home to some of the most popular beaches in America, such as Coast Guard Beach and Nauset Light Beach in Eastham. Stephen Leatherman, aka "Dr. Beach", named Coast Guard Beach the 5th best beach in America for 2007.[8]
[edit] "Upper" and "Lower"
The terms "Upper" and "Lower" as applied to the Cape have nothing to do with north and south. Instead, they derive from maritime convention at the time when the principal means of transportation involved watercraft, and the prevailing westerly winds meant that a boat with sails traveling northeast in Cape Cod Bay would have the wind at its back and thus be going downwind, while a craft sailing southwest would be going against the wind, or upwind.[9] Similarly, on nearby Martha's Vineyard, "Up Island" still is the western section and "Down Island" is to the east, and in Maine, "Down East" is similarly defined by the winds and currents.
Over time, the reasons for the traditional nomenclature became unfamiliar and their meaning obscure. Late in the 1900s, new arrivals began calling towns from Eastham to Provincetown the "Outer Cape", yet another geographic descriptor which is still in use, as is the "Inner Cape."
[edit] Geology
Cape Cod and Cape Cod Bay from space.[10]
East of America, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. Worn by the breakers and the rains, and disintegrated by the wind, it still stands bold.
“
”
Henry Beston, The Outermost House
Cape Cod forms a continuous archipelagic region with a thin line of islands stretching toward New York, historically known by naturalists as the Outer Lands. This continuity is due to the fact that the islands and Cape are all terminal glacial moraines laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet in the late Pleistocene geological era and the subsequent changes in sea level. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Many "kettle ponds" — clear, cold lakes — were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. When so much of Earth's water was locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest, before it became a beach.
As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 meters (50 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 meters (11 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 meter (3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod.
Provincetown Spit, at the northern end of the Cape, consists largely of marine deposits, transported from farther up the shore. Sediments that moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown.
Cape Cod National Seashore
This process continues today. Due to their position jutting out into the Atlantic Ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to massive coastal erosion. Geologists say that, due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea in thousands of years.[11] This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham during Hurricane Bob in 1991, allowing waves and storm surges to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by waters running through them.
[edit] Climate
Although Cape Cod's weather[12] is typically more moderate than inland locations, there have been occasions where Cape Cod has dealt with the brunt of extreme weather situations (such as the Blizzard of 1954 and Hurricane of 1938). Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, temperatures are typically a few degrees cooler in the summer and a few degrees warmer in the winter. A common misconception is that the climate is influenced largely by the warm Gulf Stream current, however that current turns eastward off the coast of Virginia and the waters off the Cape are more influenced by the cold Canadian Labrador Current. As a result, the ocean temperature rarely gets above 65 °F (18 °C), except along the shallow west coast of the Upper Cape.
The Cape's climate is also notorious for a delayed spring season, being surrounded by an ocean which is still cold from the winter; however, it is also known for an exceptionally mild fall season (Indian summer), thanks to the ocean remaining warm from the summer. The highest temperature ever recorded on Cape Cod was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown[13], and the lowest temperature ever was −12 °F (−24.4 °C) in Barnstable.[14]
The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures enough to extend the USDA hardiness zone 7a to its northernmost limit in eastern North America.[15] Even though zone 7a (annual low = 0–5 degrees Fahrenheit) signifies no sub-zero temperatures annually, there have been several instances of temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero across the Cape (although it is rare, usually 1–5 times a year, typically depending on locale, sometimes not at all). Consequently, many plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes grow there, including Camellias, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora and Albizia julibrissin.
Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm) a year (most parts of New England average 42–46 inches). This is due to storm systems which move across western areas, building up in mountainous regions, and dissipating before reaching the coast where the land has leveled out. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. Snowfall is annual, but a lot less common than the rest of Massachusetts. On average, 30 inches of snow, which is a foot less than Boston, falls in an average winter. Snow is usually light, and comes in squalls on cold days. Storms that bring blizzard conditions and snow emergencies to the mainland, bring devastating ice storms or just heavy rains more frequently than large snow storms.
[hide]Climate data for Cape Cod
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.06
(35.7) 2.5
(36.5) 6.22
(43.2) 11.72
(53.1) 16.94
(62.5) 23.5
(74.3) 26.39
(79.5) 26.67
(80.0) 25.06
(77.1) 18.39
(65.1) 12.56
(54.6) 5.44
(41.8) 26.67
(80.0)
Average low °C (°F) -5.33
(22.4) -5
(23.0) -1.33
(29.6) 2.72
(36.9) 8.72
(47.7) 14.61
(58.3) 19.22
(66.6) 20.28
(68.5) 15.56
(60.0) 9.94
(49.9) 3.94
(39.1) -2.22
(28.0) -5.33
(22.4)
Precipitation mm (inches) 98
(3.86) 75.4
(2.97) 95
(3.74) 92.5
(3.64) 83.6
(3.29) 76.7
(3.02) 62.2
(2.45) 65
(2.56) 74.7
(2.94) 84.8
(3.34) 90.7
(3.57) 92.7
(3.65) 990.9
(39.01)
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (United Nations) [16]
[edit] Native population
Cape Cod has been the home of the Wampanoag tribe of Native American people for many centuries. They survived off the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles of sustainable forest management, and were known to light controlled fires to keep the underbrush in check. They helped the Pilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their new Plymouth Colony. At the time, the dominant group was the Kakopee, known for their abilities at fishing. They were the first Native Americans to use large casting nets. Early colonial settlers recorded that the Kakopee numbered nearly 7,000.
Shortly after the Pilgrims arrived, the chief of the Kakopee, Mogauhok, attempted to make a treaty limiting colonial settlements. The effort failed after he succumbed to smallpox in 1625. Infectious diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza caused the deaths of many other Kakopee and Wampanoag. They had no natural immunity to Eurasian diseases by then endemic among the English and other Europeans. Today, the only reminder of the Kakopee is a small public recreation area in Barnstable named for them. A historic marker notes the burial site of Mogauhok near Truro, although the location is conjecture.
While contractors were digging test wells in the eastern Massachusetts Military Reservation area, they discovered an archeological find.[citation needed] Excavation revealed the remains of a Kakopee village in Forestdale, a location in Sandwich. Researchers found a totem with a painted image of Mogauhok, portrayed in his chief's cape and brooch. The totem was discovered on property on Grand Oak Road. It is the first evidence other than colonial accounts of his role as an important Kakopee leader.
The Indians lost their lands through continued purchase and expropriation by the English colonists. The documentary Natives of the Narrowland (1993), narrated by actress Julie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.
In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was finally federally recognized as a tribe.[17]
[edit] History
Cranberry picking in 1906
Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory of Vinland" mentioned by the Norse voyagers (985-1025). Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 approached it from the south. He named Martha's Vineyard Claudia, after the mother of the King of France.[18] The next year the explorer Esteban Gómez called it Cape St. James.
In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold named it Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.[19] Samuel de Champlain charted its sand-silted harbors in 1606 and Henry Hudson landed there in 1609. Captain John Smith noted it on his map of 1614 and at last the Pilgrims entered the "Cape Harbor" and – contrary to the popular myth of Plymouth Rock – made their first landing near present-day Provincetown on November 11, 1620. Nearby, in what is now Eastham, they had their first encounter with Native Americans.
Cape Cod was among the first places settled by the English in North America. Aside from Barnstable (1639), Sandwich (1637) and Yarmouth (1639), the Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly. The final town to be established on the Cape was Bourne in 1884.[20] Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel from Massachusetts Bay to Buzzards Bay is shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The Federal government purchased it in 1928.
Thanks to early colonial settlement and intensive land use, by the time Henry Thoreau saw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857[21], its vegetation was depauperate and trees were scarce. As the settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m³) of wood to heat a home, they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted to wheat. The settlers practiced burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper and intensive farming led to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands `walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.[22]
By 1800, most of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat from Maine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising of merino sheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The early industrial revolution, which occurred through much of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant water power in the area. As a result, and also because of its geographic position, the Cape developed as a large fishing and whaling center. After 1860 and the opening of the American West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950 forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.
Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such as Bourne and Falmouth, accessible to Bostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" along Buzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers including Joseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post and the Delineator.
Guglielmo Marconi made the first transatlantic wireless transmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, at Wellfleet. The beach from which he transmitted has since been called Marconi Beach. In 1914 he opened the maritime wireless station WCC in Chatham. It supported the communications of Amelia Earhart, Howard Hughes, Admiral Byrd, and the Hindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water. Walter Cronkite narrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.
Much of the East-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of the Cape Cod National Seashore by President John F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site in Wellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Roosevelt used Marconi's equipment for this transmission).
The Kennedy Compound in Hyannisport was President Kennedy's summer White House during his presidency. The Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actress Julie Harris, US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis, figure skater Todd Eldredge, and novelists Norman Mailer and Kurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included the patriot James Otis, historian and writer Mercy Otis Warren, jurist Lemuel Shaw, and naval officer John Percival.
[edit] Lighthouses of Cape Cod
Race Point Lighthouse in Provincetown (1876)
Lighthouses, from ancient times, have fascinated members of the human race. There is something about a lighted beacon that suggests hope and trust and appeals to the better instincts of mankind.
“
”
Edward Rowe Snow
Due to its dangerous constantly moving shoals, Cape Cod's shores have featured beacons which warn ships of the danger since very early in its history. There are numerous working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands, including Highland Light, Nauset Light, Chatham Light, Race Point Light, and Nobska Light, mostly operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The exception is Nauset Light, which was decommissioned in 1996 and is now maintained by the Nauset Light Preservation Society under the auspices of Cape Cod National Seashore. These lighthouses are frequently photographed symbols of Cape Cod.
Others include:
Upper Cape: Wings Neck
Mid Cape: Sandy Neck, South Hyannis, Lewis Bay, Bishop and Clerks, Bass River
Lower Cape: Wood End, Long Point, Monomoy, Stage Harbor, Pamet, Mayo Beach, Billingsgate, Three Sisters, Nauset, Highland
[edit] Transportation
Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges from Bourne and Sagamore that were constructed in the 1930s, and a vertical-lift railroad bridge. The limited number of access points to the peninsula can result in large traffic backups during the tourist season.
The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise by U.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out of Barnstable Municipal Airport and Provincetown Municipal Airport. Several bus lines service the Cape. There are ferry connections from Boston to Provincetown, as well as from Hyannis and Woods Hole to the islands.
Cape Cod has a public transportation network comprising buses operated by three different companies, a rail line, taxis and paratransit services.
The Bourne Bridge over the Cape Cod Canal, with the Cape Cod Canal Railroad Bridge in the background
[edit] Bus
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority operates a year-round public bus system comprising three long distance routes and a local bus in Hyannis and Barnstable Village. From mid June until October, additional local routes are added in Falmouth and Provincetown. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County's ADA required paratransit (dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."
Long distance bus service is available through Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway, with regular service to Boston and Logan Airport, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown. Peter Pan Bus Lines also runs long distance service to Providence T.F. Green Airport and New York City.
[edit] Rail
Regular passenger rail service through Cape Cod ended in 1959, quite possibly on June 30 of that year. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with the very popular bicycle path, known as the Cape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, the Shining Sea Bikeway, was built over tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975; construction to extend this path to North Falmouth over 6.3 miles (10.1 km) of inactive rail bed began in April 2008[23] and ended in early 2009. Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape area in Sandwich and in Bourne, largely due to a trash transfer station located at Massachusetts Military Reservation along the Bourne-Falmouth rail line. In 1986, Amtrak ran a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called the Cape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation increased service to a daily frequency.[24] Since its demise in 1996, there have been periodic discussions about reinstating passenger rail service from Boston to reduce car traffic to and from the Cape, with officials in Bourne seeking to re-extend MBTA Commuter Rail service from Middleboro to Buzzards Bay[25], despite a reluctant Beacon Hill legislature.
Cape Cod Central Railroad operates passenger train service on Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist oriented and includes a dinner train. The scenic route between Downtown Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal is about 2½ hours round trip. Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is also planning to return passenger railroad services eventually to the Bourne-Falmouth rail line in the future. An August 5, 2009 article on the New England Cable News channel, entitled South Coast rail project a priority for Mass. lawmakers, mentions a $1.4-billion railroad reconstruction plan by Governor Deval Patrick, and could mean rebuilding of old rail lines on the Cape. On November 21, 2009, the town of Falmouth saw its first passenger train in 12 years, a set of dinner train cars from Cape Cod Central. And a trip from the Mass Bay Railroad Enthusiasts on May 15, 2010 revealed a second trip along the Falmouth line.
[edit] Taxi
Taxicabs are plentiful, with several different companies operating out of different parts of the Cape. Except at the airport and some bus terminals with taxi stands, cabs must be booked ahead of time, with most operators preferring two to three hours notice. Cabs cannot be "hailed" anywhere in Barnstable County, this was outlawed in the early nineties after several robbery attempts on drivers.
Most companies utilize a New York City-style taximeter and charge based on distance plus an initial fee of $2 to $3. In Provincetown, cabs charge a flat fare per person anywhere in the town.
[edit] Tourism
Hyannis Harbor on Nantucket Sound
Although Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 230,000, it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated as Memorial Day and Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses are specifically targeted to summer visitors, and close during the eight to nine months of the "off season" (although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due to Indian Summer, reduced lodging rates, and the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who either have no school-age children, and the elderly, reducing the true "off season" to six or seven months). In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat (see above). Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include cranberries, shellfish (particularly oysters and clams) and lobstering.
Provincetown, at the tip of Cape Cod, also berths several whale watching fleets who patrol the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Most fleets guarantee a whale sighting (mostly humpback whale, fin whale, minke whale, sei whale, and critically endangered, the North Atlantic Right Whale), and one is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. Many hotels and resorts are friendly to or cater to gay and lesbian tourists and it is known as a gay mecca in the summer.[26]
Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over. With 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline, beaches, both public and private, are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod National Seashore has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.
Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities like beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.[27] Bed and breakfasts or vacation houses are often used for lodging.
Each summer the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth,(typically) during the first weekend of August. This Music festival features local, regional and national talent along with food, arts and family friendly activities.
[edit] Sport fishing
Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are striped bass, bluefish, bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny), bonito, tautog, flounder and fluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has several harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.
The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi and marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.[28]
[edit] Sports
The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod Baseball League. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Wareham, Massachusetts in Plymouth County. The league originated 1923, although intertown competition traces to 1866. Teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harwich Mariners, Hyannis Harbor Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orleans Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen and the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. Pro ball scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.
Cape Cod is also a national hot bed for baseball and hockey. Along with the Cape Cod Baseball League and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Cubs, many high school players are being seriously recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball, Harwich has also won three State titles in the past 12 years (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, known rivals in hockey have won state championships recently. Bourne in 2004, and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth also hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on the Thanksgiving since 1895. The Bourne and Barnstable girl's volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable in the country. With Bourne winning the State title in 2003 and 2007. In the past 15 years, Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 State titles and has won the state title the past two years.
The Cape also is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the American Basketball Association.
Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, playing in the USL Premier Development League (PDL) soccer based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.
Cape Cod is also the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new communtiy center being built of Bearses Way.
The end of each summer is marked with the running of the world famous Falmouth Road Race which is held on the 3rd Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.2 miles (11.6 km) long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is no longer there, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.
[edit] Education
Each town usually consists of a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that services the entire town. Exceptions to this include Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School located in Yarmouth which services both the town of Yarmouth as well as Dennis and Nauset Regional High School located in Eastham which services the town of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown (optional). Bourne High School is the public school for students residing in the town of Bourne, which is gathered from villages in Bourne, including Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable High School is the largest high school and is known for its girls' volleyball team which have been state champions a total of 12 times. Barnstable High School also boasts one of the country's best high school drama clubs which were awarded with a contract by Warner Brothers to created a documentary in webisode format based on their production of Wizard of Oz. Sturgis Charter Public School is a public school in Hyannis which was featured in Newsweek's Magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking. It ranked 28th in the country and 1st in the state of Massachusetts in the 2009 edition and ranked 43rd and 55th in the 2008 and 2007 edition, respectively. Sturgis offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in their junior and senior year and is open to students as far as Plymouth. The Cape also contains two vocational high schools. One is the Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School located in Bourne. Lastly, Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of (SMPTE,) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result. The officers of this group who have made history are listed below:
* President: Ryan D. Stanley '11
* Vice-President Kenneth J. Peters '13
* Treasurer Eric N. Bergquist '11
* Secretary Andrew L. Medlar '11
In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Pope John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Orleans offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which services students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese Island School located on Penikese Island, part of the Elizabeth Islands off southwestern Cape Cod, which services struggling and troubled teenage boys.
Cape Cod also contains two institutions of higher education. One is the Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable, Barnstable. The other is Massachusetts Maritime Academy in Buzzards Bay, Bourne. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States.
[edit] Islands off Cape Cod
Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and other tourists. The islands include Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as well as Forbes family-owned Naushon Island, which was purchased by John Murray Forbes with profits from opium dealing in the China trade during the Opium War. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain, Cuttyhunk, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.
Pellet loads just underway after meeting a pair of northbounds at Alborn. The steam cloud is a sign of fall.
1. Photos makes a tool (camera), not a photographer.
2. Selecting a tool limits the possibilities.
3. Experience allows him (the tool) to less and less limit his capabilities.
4.Ability to see is given only when the observer allows ...
5. The moment of observation is the real find ...
6.Training and mastery is not amenable to learning. Learning leads to bad imitations of the original.
7. Often the result should ripen like wine. Although time is a concept of the mind, therefore, everything is speculative.
8. The meaning of all this is the process!
9. Be!
This picture is taken with Minolta AF 16mm F2.8 FishEye A-mount. It is not a Sony version of the Miolta lens.
There are people still streaming to baths and enjoying a visit now without warming rooms and cold plunges. There is great sunshine an intense rain in the current climate that bathes the tourists in the remains of the Auxiliary Garrison. Outside of the strictly prescribed fort there would be settlements beyond the fort and the baths are out of the fort structure in part to limit and contain the fire hazard.
The bath house has older signs built into the ruins of the extant compartmental foundations and then there are newer attributions on the sign immediately above the sauna type bathing remains.
Thermae from the Greek Θέρμαι Thermai for hot springs and hot baths from the Greek adjective thermos for hot used to describe warm springs and also baths of warm water.
Thermae from Greek θερμός thermos “hot” and balneae from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion, “bath” also “bathing-vessel” the Romans used their term thermae based on Greek origins.
Hardknott named after Harthr Knutr hard craggy hill that is Hard Knott fell.
East to West Hardknott Pass runs from Eskdale to the Duddon Valley in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. A view into an early morning of a slow Winter dawning.
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Hardknott Roman Fort English Heritage
www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/hardknott-roman-...
Hardknott Roman Fort
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardknott_Roman_Fort
The Fort at River's Bend
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fort_at_River%27s_Bend
Roman Lake District Audio Guides
English Heritage Audio Guides
soundcloud.com/ehaudio/sets/roman-lake-district-audio-guides
Hardknott mentioned in this Sonnet.
William Wordsworth
From, The River Duddon, A Series Of Sonnets, 1820. Numbered XVII 17
A dark plume fetch me from yon blasted yew,
Perched on whose top the Danish Raven croaks;
Aloft, the imperial Bird of Rome invokes
Departed ages, shedding where he flew
Loose fragments of wild wailing, that bestrew
The clouds and thrill the chambers of the rocks;
And into silence hush the timorous flocks,
That, calmly couching while the nightly dew
Moistened each fleece, beneath the twinkling stars
Slept amid that lone Camp on Hardknot’s height,
Whose Guardians bent the knee to Jove and Mars:
Or, near that mystic Round of Druid frame
Tardily sinking by its proper weight
Deep into patient Earth, from whose smooth breast it came!